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Przerys z reliefu ukazujący Fenicjan transportujących drewno dla Asyryjczyków z Libanu, VIII wiek przed naszą erą. Plus kilka innych w tej tematyce oraz o sojuszu pomiędzy dwoma państwami opartymi o morze i protektorat militarny

"From the 9th century BC, the Phoenician city-states founded permanent settlements beyond the Lebanese coast. The first of these was at Kition on the island of Cyprus where Tyre established a formal colony in order to control the export of the rich Cypriote copper deposits and to cut off their Phoenician competitors who, like Tyre, had pursued their commercial interests on Cyprus for at least the previous two centuries. The Tyrian settlement was surrounded by a network of small city-states under the rule of local kings, whom the king of Tyre considered his vassals. Foundations in northern Africa (most famously Carthage, "the New City"), Sicily, Sardinia and Spain followed.

Tyre can certainly be seen as the motor of the westward expansion, and this close ally of Assyria benefited from the treaties between the two states which guaranteed Tyre privileged access to all harbours under Assyrian control and gave it an invaluable advantage over its competitors, including the other Phoenician states. One of these treaties survives in the original, albeit in a very fragmentary state (SAA 2 5), and from this document drawn up between Esarhaddon of Assyria (681-669 BC) and Ba'alu of Tyre we learn that this privilege came at the price of admitting the Assyrian ambassador (qēpu) to all Tyrian bodies of political decision-making.

Such an arrangement was already in place during the reign of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 BC), as shown by some letters from the king's correspondence with the governor of Ṣimirra, the Assyrian province bordering on the territory of Tyre (NL 13 = SAA 19 23, NL 21 = SAA 19 24). Another letter (NL 12 = SAA 19 22) highlights that the Assyrians monitored and taxed Tyre's and Sidon's trade and controlled access to the Lebanon wood supplies, outlawing any timber deliveries to the Philistines and the Egyptians: while Assyria's relations with these regions were not yet openly hostile, neither had they formally accepted Assyrian sovereignty at that time, and this course of action was designed to make them suffer the consequences.

In exchange for accepting Assyrian interference, Tyre and the other allied Phoenician city-states were in a position to ask their overlord to support them against their enemies. Hence, Sargon II (721-705 BC) provided troops to Tyre in 715 BC in order to fend off Ionian pirates who were threatening its maritime network, and again in 709 or 708 BC in order to regain control over its local vassal rulers on Cyprus. These troops were shipped aboard the Tyrian fleet, as Assyria did not maintain a navy of its own. But these first experiences of naval warfare clearly left a lasting impression and the use of Phoenician ships in the wars in the marshes of southern Babylonia during the reign of Sennacherib (704-681 BC) can be seen as their direct result."

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Przy okazji żółw na reliefie.

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Obicia/zawiasy z brązu na bramę miasta ze sceną morską

"This detail from one of the bronze bands holding together the leaves of the monumental door leading into the temple of the dream-god Mamu at Imgur-Ellil (modern Balawat) shows the king and queen of Tyre at the shore of their island city seeing off boats with tribute and gifts for Shalmaneser III of Assyria (858-824 BC). Our photo shows only the end of

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Okręt wojenny.

Phoenician war galley with two rows of oarsmen, as illustrated in depictions of the Assyrian campaign to the Mediterranean coast in 701 BC under Sennacherib (704-681 BC). Detail from the wall decoration of the South West Palace (Room VIII (S), slab 11) at Nineveh